Denecke and Bernauer ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE 2007

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Citation

Kerstin Denecke and Jochen Bernauer. 2007. Extracting Specific Medical Data Using Semantic Structures. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, LNCS 2007 Volume 4594/2007, 257-264.

Online version

ACM portal

Summary

The paper presents a medical Information Extraction system which is based on automatic generation of semantic structures for free-text.

A conceptual graph-like representation is produced for each sentence of a text, and then these semantic structures are exploited to extract information.

They divided their extraction job into three tasks below.

  • Extraction of medical terms
  • Relation Extraction
    • In this paper, relation extraction means extraction of associated medical concepts. For example, 'Blood pressure' and '144/90' are associated terms in the sentence, "Blood pressure is 144/90".
  • Text Classification
    • For example, a patient can be classified as a former smoker, a current smoker, or a non-smoker

Their approaches are:

  • An ontology-based approach for extracting medical terms of interest
    • They used Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). About terms that are not defined in UMLS, they predicted categories of some terms using sentence structures.
  • A graph-based approach which uses the parsing result of link-grammar parser for Relation Extraction
    • Notable things in their approach are three. First, they included the processing of negation. Second, when the parser fails, they used a pattern-based approach. Lastly, they replaced multi-word terms with placeholders because the parser did not process the terms.
  • an NLP-based feature extraction method coupled with an ID3-based Decision Tree Learning for Text Classification

This appddd

This approach was fairly successful mostly showing over 80% of precision and recall. However, the system was tested on the data written by only a clinician, which means that the style of free-text records was consistent. Nevertheless, the research is worth in that they applied various IE techniques to the free-text clinical records, explain about the problems they encountered.

Related papers

An interesting follow-up paper is Denecke and Bernauer AIME 2007 which uses semantic structures to extract medical information.

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